2026-09-21 · KeXinMaterials 编辑团队
FOB/EXW/CIF 集装箱装运优化 B2B 指南 2026
B2B 防护箱海运使用 Incoterms 2020:EXW(工厂交货)、FOB 深圳/宁波(装运港交货)、CIF(成本+保险+运费)。集装箱装运优化最大化每 20 尺/40 尺 HQ 的箱数。
Incoterms 2020 概览(EXW vs FOB vs CIF)
Incoterms 2020 defines 11 terms; the 3 most common for B2B case shipping are EXW, FOB, CIF. Each shifts cost + risk at a different point.
EXW (Ex Works): buyer takes responsibility at factory gate. Buyer arranges pickup, freight, insurance, customs. Lowest factory price. Used when buyer has own freight forwarder.
FOB (Free On Board): seller delivers to port and loads onto vessel. Seller pays factory → port. Buyer pays port → destination + insurance. Most common for B2B protective case shipping from China.
CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight): seller pays factory → destination port + insurance. Buyer pays destination port → final destination + import duties. Used when buyer wants door-to-door simplicity.
CFR (Cost and Freight): like CIF but buyer arranges insurance. Rare in B2B cases.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): seller pays everything including duties. NOT offered per brand policy. B2B buyer handles import.
B2B recommendation: FOB Shenzhen/Ningbo for most orders (buyer controls freight + insurance), EXW for buyers with own forwarder, CIF for buyers wanting door-to-door quote.
集装箱类型 + 容量
Protective cases ship by sea in 20ft or 40ft HQ containers. Capacity depends on case dimensions + palletization.
20ft dry container: 33 cbm usable. 28 MT max payload. ~10-12 standard pallets (1200x800mm).
40ft dry container: 67 cbm usable. 28 MT max payload. ~20-24 standard pallets.
40ft HQ (high cube): 76 cbm usable. 28 MT max payload. ~20-24 standard pallets + 9 inches extra height.
LCL (less than container load): for orders <15 cbm. USD 80-150 per cbm. Higher per-unit cost but flexible quantity.
Air freight: USD 5-15 per kg. For urgent orders <500 kg or samples.
For protective cases: 20ft container typically holds 800-1500 mid-size cases (depending on foam + packaging). 40ft HQ holds 1800-3500 mid-size cases.
防护箱 CBM 计算
CBM (cubic meter) = length × width × height (meters). Container loading optimization starts with accurate CBM per SKU.
Small case (e.g., 300x250x150mm): 0.011 cbm per unit. 20ft container holds ~2,800 units. 40ft HQ holds ~6,500 units.
Mid case (e.g., 500x400x250mm): 0.050 cbm per unit. 20ft ~600 units. 40ft HQ ~1,400 units.
Large case (e.g., 800x600x400mm): 0.192 cbm per unit. 20ft ~150 units. 40ft HQ ~360 units.
Rack case (e.g., 600x600x800mm): 0.288 cbm per unit. 20ft ~100 units. 40ft HQ ~240 units.
Always add 5-10% buffer for irregular case shapes + protective packaging (corner protectors, foam wrap).
B2B recommendation: ask factory for pre-shipment CBM sample measurement before booking container.
托盘化 + 装载模式
Standard 20ft container holds 10-12 EUR pallets (1200x800mm) or 11-12 standard pallets (1200x1000mm). Stacking pattern affects unit count + stability.
Single-pallet loading: each pallet pre-built with cases stacked. Forklift loads/unloads. Stable but lower density.
Floor-loading (no pallets): cases loaded directly on container floor with dunnage. Higher density but harder unload.
Slip-sheet: cardboard sheets replace pallets. Same density as pallet but lighter (saves 25-30 kg per pallet).
Stacking pattern: vertical stacking (max density), interlocked (stability), pyramid (uneven case sizes).
Max stack height: 1.8m for palletized (safety), 2.2m for floor-loaded (sea voyage stability).
Anti-slip mat between layers: USD 0.50-1 per layer. Prevents sliding during sea voyage.
B2B recommendation: palletized for buyers with forklift, floor-loaded for buyers without forklift (labour at destination +30-50%).
混合 SKU 装箱方案
Most B2B orders include multiple SKUs (sizes, models). Mixed SKU loading requires 3D planning to maximize density.
Step 1: list all SKU dimensions + quantities. Compute total CBM + total weight.
Step 2: check container capacity (cbm + payload). 40ft HQ is 76 cbm / 28 MT.
Step 3: compute unit count per SKU. Verify total ≤ max dimension.
Step 4: allocate container space. Largest SKU on bottom (load-bearing), smallest on top.
Step 5: build mixed pallet (different SKUs per pallet) OR single-SKU pallets (homogeneous).
Mixed pallet: max density but harder unload + accounting. Single-SKU pallet: easier but 5-10% lower density.
B2B recommendation: single-SKU pallets for buyers with WMS / inventory management. Mixed pallets for direct-to-customer shipping.
成本对比:FOB vs EXW vs CIF
Total landed cost differs by incoterm. Below is a 2026 typical mid-size order (500 cases, ~25 cbm, USD 50K goods value).
EXW Shenzhen: USD 50,000 goods. Buyer pays: trucking to port USD 200, export clearance USD 500, ocean freight USD 1,200 (40HQ share), insurance USD 200, import duties + delivery USD 2,500. Total landed ~USD 54,600.
FOB Shenzhen: USD 50,000 goods + USD 700 factory → port. Buyer pays: ocean freight USD 1,200, insurance USD 200, import duties + delivery USD 2,500. Total landed ~USD 54,600 (same).
CIF destination port: USD 50,000 goods + USD 700 factory → port + USD 1,200 ocean freight + USD 200 insurance = USD 52,100. Buyer pays: import duties + delivery USD 2,500. Total landed ~USD 54,600 (same).
Note: total landed cost is roughly equal. The difference is CASH FLOW + RISK + ADMINISTRATIVE burden, not absolute cost.
EXW: lowest cash outflow at order, but most admin (buyer arranges everything).
FOB: middle cash flow + risk. Standard for B2B.
CIF: highest cash outflow at order, but lowest admin (seller handles freight + insurance).
运输单据 + 海关
International B2B shipping requires specific paperwork. Missing document = container held at customs = USD 100-500/day demurrage.
Commercial invoice: seller-issued. Describes goods + value + buyer/seller.
Packing list: itemized by SKU + quantity + weight + cbm. Required by customs.
Bill of lading (B/L): carrier-issued. Title document for goods.
Certificate of origin (C/O): issued by China Chamber of Commerce. Required for tariff calculation in some countries.
Insurance certificate: separate document. CIF includes insurance by seller.
Customs declaration: HS code classification. Protective case = HS 4202.92 (travel goods) or 3923.10 (plastic containers). Varies by country.
B2B recommendation: ask seller for commercial invoice + packing list draft before shipment to verify HS code + value declaration.
集装箱装载检查清单
Pre-shipment checklist prevents common loading mistakes. Below is the 2026 B2B protective case shipping checklist.
1. Verify case dimensions (sample measurement by seller before production).
2. Compute total CBM + weight. Choose 20ft / 40ft / 40HQ based on cbm + payload.
3. Pre-build pallets OR plan floor-loading layout. Confirm with buyer.
4. Apply anti-slip mats + edge protectors + corner reinforcement.
5. Container inspection before loading (dry, clean, no holes, no odors).
6. Photograph loading process (insurance + dispute evidence).
7. Seal container with numbered seal. Record seal number on B/L.
8. Verify all SKUs loaded (cross-check packing list vs actual count).
9. Take final photo of closed container with seal visible.
10. Send shipping documents to buyer within 24 hours of B/L date.
B2B recommendation: request seller to share loading photos + seal number + container number on B/L date.
核心要点
- EXW:买方安排提货;工厂价最低;最多事务
- FOB 深圳/宁波:标准 B2B 术语;卖方交付到港;买方控制运费
- CIF 目的港:卖方支付运费 + 保险;买方处理进口
- 40 尺 HQ:76 cbm / 28 吨;每箱约 1,800-3,500 个中号防护箱
- 混合 SKU:预先规划 CBM + 布局;WMS 买方用单 SKU 托盘
- 总到岸成本各术语相似;差异在于现金流 + 风险 + 事务负担
- 装载检查表:尺寸、CBM、托盘、防滑垫、铅封号、照片
常见问题
防护箱 FOB 深圳是什么意思?
FOB 深圳意味着卖方将防护箱交付到深圳港(盐田或蛇口)并装船。卖方支付工厂→深圳港 + 出口清关 + 装船。买方支付深圳→目的港 + 保险 + 进口关税 + 最终配送。
FOB 和 CIF 有什么区别?
FOB:卖方交付到启运港(深圳)。CIF:卖方交付到目的港(如洛杉矶、汉堡)。FOB 不含海运 + 保险。CIF 包含海运 + 保险。
EXW 和 FOB 有什么区别?
EXW(工厂交货):买方在工厂门口承担责任。FOB(装运港交货):卖方交付到港 + 装船。
40HQ 集装箱能装多少防护箱?
40HQ(高柜)集装箱容量 76 cbm / 28 吨。中号防护箱(500x400x250mm)每 40HQ 装约 1,400 个。
集装箱装载中的 CBM 是什么?
CBM(立方米)= 长 × 宽 × 高(米)。集装箱容量:20 尺 = 33 cbm,40 尺 = 67 cbm,40 尺 HQ = 76 cbm。
国际防护箱海运需要哪些单据?
所需单据:商业发票、装箱单、提单(B/L)、原产地证书、保险证书(CIF 专用)、报关单。
托盘化 vs 平装是什么?
托盘化:箱子预装在托盘上。叉车装卸。稳定、便于核算。平装:箱子直接装载在集装箱地板上。密度更高但卸货更困难。
防护箱的 HS 编码是什么?
防护箱 HS 编码:4202.92(旅行用品,皮革/复合材料)或 3923.10(合成材料容器)。