2026-09-21 · KeXinMaterials Redaktionsteam

B2B-Zahlungsbedingungen: T/T, L/C, O/A, D/P für Schutzkoffer-Beschaffung 2026

Internationale B2B-Schutzkoffer-Beschaffung nutzt 4 Hauptzahlungsmethoden: T/T, L/C, O/A, D/P. Jede mit unterschiedlichem Risiko-, Kosten- und Geschwindigkeitsprofil.

T/T Telegrafische Überweisung

T/T is the most common B2B payment method for China factory procurement. Direct bank-to-bank wire transfer in USD or EUR.

T/T definition: Direct bank wire transfer from buyer's bank to seller's bank. Most common B2B payment for China imports.

T/T in advance (30% deposit + 70% balance): Standard for new buyers. 30% deposit before production, 70% before shipment. Low risk for seller, high cost for buyer.

T/T after production (100% before delivery): After production complete but before shipment. Buyer can inspect goods at factory before paying balance.

T/T after shipment (O/A + T/T): 30% deposit + 70% paid 30-90 days after B/L date. Open account terms. Higher risk for seller.

Wire fee: USD 25-50 per wire (buyer side) + USD 10-30 (seller side, sometimes waived for large amounts).

Processing time: 2-5 business days. Faster for SWIFT priority.

B2B recommendation: First 3 orders = 30% deposit + 70% before shipment (T/T). Established relationship = T/T 30/70 against B/L copy.

Akkreditiv (L/C)

L/C is the most secure payment method for large B2B orders. Bank-guaranteed payment upon document presentation.

L/C definition: Bank-guaranteed payment instrument. Buyer's bank promises to pay seller upon presentation of compliant shipping documents.

Irrevocable L/C: Cannot be cancelled or modified without consent of all parties. Standard for B2B.

Confirmed L/C: A second bank (usually seller's bank) adds its guarantee. Used when buyer's bank is in risky country.

L/C at sight: Payment upon document presentation. Seller gets paid immediately after document compliance.

L/C usance (deferred): Payment 30/60/90/180 days after B/L date. Seller provides financing to buyer.

L/C fees: USD 100-500 issuing fee + USD 200-1,000 advising fee + USD 0.10-0.50 per document on / discrepancy fees. Total cost USD 500-2,000 per L/C.

Document discrepancy: 30-60% of L/Cs have first-time discrepancy. Re-presentation delays payment 7-14 days.

B2B recommendation: For orders > USD 50,000 with new buyer, use irrevocable L/C at sight. Avoid usance L/C unless established relationship.

O/A Offenes Konto

O/A is the most buyer-friendly payment method. Buyer receives goods before paying. High risk for seller.

O/A definition: Buyer pays 30-120 days after B/L date (after goods received). No documents or banks involved.

O/A 30 days: Pay 30 days after B/L date. Common for small orders with established buyers.

O/A 60 days: Pay 60 days after B/L date. Common for medium orders.

O/A 90 days: Pay 90 days after B/L date. Common for large orders in same-industry relationships.

O/A 120 days: Pay 120 days after B/L date. Used for very large orders with credit insurance.

Risk for seller: Highest. Buyer may default, dispute quality, or delay payment. No bank guarantee.

Risk mitigation: Credit insurance (Euler Hermes, Coface) covers 80-90% of O/A default. Cost 0.5-2% of invoice value.

B2B recommendation: O/A only for established buyers with 3+ years payment history. Require credit insurance for orders > USD 100,000.

D/P Dokumente gegen Zahlung

D/P is a documentary collection method. Seller's bank releases shipping documents to buyer upon payment.

D/P at sight (D/P sight): Buyer pays upon document presentation. Bank releases B/L upon payment. Buyer then picks up goods.

D/P usance (D/P 30/60/90): Buyer pays 30/60/90 days after document acceptance. Bank releases documents upon acceptance.

D/P difference from L/C: No bank guarantee. Just a collection mechanism. Lower cost (USD 100-300) but higher risk.

D/P advantage: Buyer has goods, but cannot retrieve them without paying bank. Effective pressure.

D/P disadvantage: If buyer refuses to accept documents, seller must arrange return shipment. Risk of stranded goods.

D/P 30 days common for: Medium-size orders (USD 20,000-100,000) with semi-established buyers.

B2B recommendation: D/P 30 days is a good middle ground between T/T advance and O/A. Buyer gets short credit, seller has some control.

Zahlungsmethoden-Vergleich

Comparison of T/T, L/C, O/A, D/P across risk + cost + speed + complexity dimensions.

T/T advance (30/70): Risk for buyer = HIGH (full deposit). Risk for seller = LOW. Cost = LOW (wire fee). Speed = FAST (no doc review). Complexity = LOW.

T/T against B/L copy (30/70): Risk for buyer = MEDIUM (deposit at risk). Risk for seller = MEDIUM (depends on B/L fraud). Cost LOW. Speed FAST.

L/C at sight: Risk buyer = LOW. Risk seller = LOW (bank-guaranteed). Cost = HIGH (USD 500-2,000). Speed = MEDIUM (2-3 weeks for doc review). Doc complexity HIGH.

L/C usance: Risk buyer = LOW. Risk seller = MEDIUM (bank pays but deferred). Cost HIGH. Speed = SLOW (usance period 30-180 days).

O/A 30 days: Risk buyer = LOWEST. Risk seller = HIGH. Cost LOW. Speed FAST (delivery + 30 days).

O/A 60-90 days: Risk buyer = LOWEST. Risk seller = VERY HIGH. Cost LOW (plus credit insurance). Speed SLOW.

D/P at sight: Risk buyer = MEDIUM. Risk seller = MEDIUM. Cost LOW (USD 100-300). Speed MEDIUM.

D/P 30: Risk buyer = LOW. Risk seller = MEDIUM-HIGH. Cost LOW. Speed MEDIUM-SLOW.

B2B recommendation by order size: < USD 10,000 = T/T 100% advance. USD 10,000-50,000 = T/T 30/70. USD 50,000-200,000 = L/C at sight. USD 200,000+ = L/C at sight + credit insurance.

Währung + FX-Risiko

International B2B payment uses USD, EUR, GBP, or RMB. FX risk + hedging strategies for buyer and seller.

USD: Most common B2B currency. Stable, widely accepted. Default for China factory exports.

EUR: Common for European buyers. May have lower FX volatility vs USD sometimes.

GBP: Used for UK buyers. Subject to Brexit-related FX volatility.

RMB (CNY): Increasing for China domestic sales + some Belt-and-Road exports.

FX risk for buyer: Currency may appreciate during production/shipping period (30-90 days). 1% appreciation = USD 500 on USD 50,000 order.

FX risk for seller: Currency may depreciate. Many China factories prefer USD for stability.

FX hedging: Forward contract locks rate. Cost 0.1-0.5% of notional. Eliminates FX risk for production period.

B2B recommendation: USD for most B2B orders. EUR for European buyers. Forward contract for orders > USD 100,000.

B2B-Zahlungsablauf-Beispiel

Step-by-step workflow for a USD 50,000 protective case order with T/T 30% deposit + 70% against B/L copy.

Day 0: Buyer + seller sign CN + payment terms T/T 30/70. Buyer issues PO.

Day 1: Seller issues proforma invoice (PI). Buyer confirms PI.

Day 2-3: Buyer wires 30% deposit (USD 15,000) to seller's bank. Wire fee USD 25-50.

Day 3-5: Seller receives deposit. Production begins. Production time 30-45 days.

Day 35-45: Production complete. Pre-shipment inspection (PSI).

Day 45: Seller loads container, gets B/L from shipping line.

Day 46: Seller sends B/L copy + commercial invoice + packing list to buyer via email.

Day 46-48: Buyer reviews B/L copy. Wires 70% balance (USD 35,000) to seller.

Day 48-50: Seller receives balance. Seller sends original B/L + telex release to buyer.

Day 50-90: Goods in transit (varies by destination).

Day 50+: Buyer uses B/L to claim goods at destination port.

Total cycle: 90-140 days from PO to goods receipt.

B2B recommendation: For first-time buyers, use T/T 100% advance OR T/T 50/50 to minimize both party risks.

Zahlungsstreitigkeiten + Lösung

Common payment disputes in B2B protective case procurement and resolution strategies.

Quality dispute: Buyer claims goods quality issue. Withholds payment. Resolution: third-party inspection, negotiation, partial refund.

Quantity dispute: Buyer claims shortage. Withholds payment. Resolution: B/L quantity + container tally report.

Late delivery dispute: Buyer claims late delivery, requests discount. Resolution: B/L date + contract terms.

Currency dispute: FX moves significantly during order. One party requests adjustment. Resolution: forward contract or split difference.

Document discrepancy: L/C documents have issue. Bank rejects. Resolution: re-present corrected documents (7-14 day delay).

Bank fraud: L/C issuing bank fails. Resolution: confirmed L/C with reputable advising bank. Use SWIFT MT700.

Payment default: Buyer refuses to pay O/A balance. Resolution: credit insurance claim (80-90% coverage), legal action.

B2B recommendation: Always include dispute resolution clause in CN (e.g., Singapore arbitration, ICC arbitration). Specify inspection standards (AQL S-1 / S-2 / S-3 / S-4).

FAQ

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